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Thursday, 28 February 2013

Laptop and Ultrabook roundup


CES 2013 Laptop and Ultrabook roundup














CES is done for another year, but before we can drop the microphone, we need to put together a reminisci-package to summarize the week in notebook computing. This year's show was chock-full with Ultrabooks, leading many to believe that full-fat notebooks are going the way of the Dodo. However, Intel's Kirk Skaugen feels that rumors of the laptop's demise at the hands of the Ultrabook are greatly exaggerated -- seeing the latter as merely a subset of the overall mobile PC firmament. Intel announced its power-sipping Haswell architecture and revealed its highly desirable North Cape reference design, which offered us a tantalizing glimpse of what future hardware could be like. However, before we get to that, we need to deal with the hardware hitting stores this year, so if you'd like to know more, follow us after the break.

Lenovo IdeaPad Yoga 11S

DNP  CES 2013 Laptop and Ultrabook roundup

















Of all of the various Ultrabook concepts, Lenovo's Yoga 11S four-way device has the most potential. In reality, however, the 13-inch version came with a few issues, but we're hoping that the company will at least bring the latest model's keyboard up to its traditionally high standards. Unlike the Windows RT-based Yoga 11, this version runs full Windows 8 and gets a beefier 1,600 x 900 IPS display. It will also accommodate up to 8GB of RAM along with a 128GB SSD. If there's a downside, it's that the company hasn't revealed whether it'll pack Ivy Bridge or Haswell internals -- but we hope it's the latter for that bargain starting price of $799.

NEC LaVie X

DNP  CES 2013 Laptop and Ultrabook roundup















When it comes to super-thin devices, no matter how many times we're burned, we still come back for more. The latest impossibly thin Ultrabook that wants our hearts (and wallets) is NEC's LaVie X. We're a bit light on the specs front, except that it'll be based on Haswell and rock a 1,920 x 1,080 display. What we can say is that it certainly looks exciting, and we'll lament the fact that it's currently tipped to be exclusive to Japan. Anyone fancy bringing one back for us the next time they take a trip that way?

HP Pavilion Sleekbook

 DNP  CES 2013 Laptop and Ultrabook roundup


If you produce thin-and-light laptops that don't meet Intel's ever-stringent requirements -- namely using the company's components inside -- then you don't get to use the name. That's why this HP Pavilion device can be found on the shelf marked as a "Sleebook." Packing a 15.6-inch, 1,336 x 768 display (with optional touchscreen), along with a replaceable battery, AMD A6 CPU and 4GB of RAM, it will go on sale later this month for $499.

Samsung Series 7 Chronos

DNP  CES 2013 Laptop and Ultrabook roundup

















We were torn between selecting Samsung's Series 7 Ultra and this unit, but decided to show the latter some of our well-earned love. For performance nuts, the most eye-catching laptop at the show must have been Samsung's Series 7 Chronos. Sitting on a gilded throne atop the company's laptop line, it comes with a 2.4GHz Intel Core i7 3635QM CPU and a Radeon HD 8870M -- making it capable of handling anything you throw at it. Its 21mm-thick body may be a tad hefty if you're used to noodling around on a thin-and-light device, but inside that chassis lies a body that promises a fantastic 11 hours of battery life. The company won't talk about pricing or availability, but hey, this is Samsung -- we can't imagine it dragging its feet too much.

Lenovo ThinkPad Helix

DNP  CES 2013 Laptop and Ultrabook roundup

















Lenovo's ThinkPad Helix 11.6-inch Ultrabook with a reversible display offers a slightly different experience to the equivalent Yoga. For one, it gets a bundled stylus and ditches the hardware buttons on its trackpad in favor of emphasized use of the TrackPoint. Secondly, it's much more powerful, capable of supporting a Core i7 CPU, LTE and a promised 10 hours of battery life. And thirdly, the company is ushering in a new era with a buttonless trackpad, which might grate on passionate ThinkPad diehards. It will go on sale in February and set you back $1,499.

Wednesday, 27 February 2013

Samsung Galaxy Camera EK-GC100

We review the Android-powered Samsung Galaxy Camera, which features 3G/4G and WiFi connect... 

We review the Android-powered Samsung Galaxy Camera, which features 3G/4G and WiFi connectivity

The Samsung Galaxy Camera is an intriguing proposition, in that it offers all the capabilities of a high-end smartphone (except the key one of being able to make calls … more on that later) with a capable point-and-shoot camera. It's a new genre of product, a point-and-share smart-camera if you will. But just how smart is it? I spent a bit of quality time with one to find out.
While it wasn't the first Android-powered camera to hit the market, the Samsung Galaxy Camera EK-GC100 appears (at least on paper) to be the most complete package. It boasts a 16-megapixel sensor, a 21x optical zoom, 3G/4G connectivity, WiFi, GPS, a 4.8-inch touchscreen display, all powered by a Quad Core CPU running Android 4.1 Jelly Bean.
It's hard to know exactly how to approach the Galaxy Camera, or what market Samsung is aiming for. Despite the price tag, it's clearly not aimed at the traditional photography enthusiast, as there's no RAW shooting and the small sensor limits image quality. But who else would be willing to shell out US$500 on a camera?
Well, after a week of using the Samsung Galaxy Camera as my carry-everywhere camera, I've come to the conclusion that – despite not getting on with it for the first day or two – it's a great option for avid mobile photographers. There's something liberating about being able to share images instantly wherever you are, and the 21x optical zoom is a huge bonus over any other always-connected cameras.

Specs

  • 16.3 megapixels
  • 1/2.3 inch type CMOS sensor (6.2 x 4.6 mm)
  • F2.5-5.9 4.1-86.1mm lens (23-483mm equivalent in 35mm format)
  • ISO 100-3200
  • Continuous shooting at 4 fps
  • Android 4.1 Jellybean
  • WiFi + 3G/4G connectivity
  • 4.8-inch HD touchscreen

Design and Construction

The optical zoom lens on the Samsung Galaxy Camera is a fantastic addition for mobile phot...

The first thing you notice about the Samsung Galaxy Camera is that it's big. It's much bigger than most compact cameras. This is because the rear is filled with the gargantuan touchscreen – the largest I can recollect seeing on any camera – which makes the whole experience of composing shots on an LCD a lot more pleasant. Though this is similar to pocket-bulging smartphones, you won't be slipping this into your jeans pocket.
While it's the screen that makes the Galaxy Camera bigger than a compact camera, what makes it bigger than a smartphone is the protruding 21x zoom lens (giving a 35mm-format focal length equivalent of 23-483mm) which extends as you would expect when zooming.
Despite its unusual size and form, the camera fits well in the hand. The finger-grip does its job and means the camera is less likely to slip out of your hand, while also making it easier to hold the camera steady when taking shots. When using the smart-camera for non-photo-taking duties, the lens automatically closes and gives a nice grip by which to hold the device.
Available in white or black (and a WiFi-only version which also comes in pink) the solid-feeling camera also features a pop-up flash, again differentiating it from most smartphone cameras.
Which brings us to the question, why wasn't the Android-toting camera designed to be used as a phone? While it has 3G/4G capabilities and can be used to send messages or even make VoIP calls from apps like Skype, the connected camera lacks the ability to make cellular calls. The answer is probably as simple as Samsung not wanting to lose camera sales … or be known as the brand which brought this look to the high-street!

You'd look stupid talking into the Samsung Galaxy Camera ... especially if a call came in ...

 

Use and Controls

Because this is primarily a camera review, I'm not going to go into too much detail about how the Samsung Galaxy Camera operates as an all-round Android device. Suffice to say it feels sufficiently zippy running any applications I cared to throw at it, and if you ignore the lens on the front (or should that be rear when using it in that way?) it feels like you could be using any high-end smartphone.
When you initially power-up the Samsung Galaxy Camera, it takes considerably longer than any other camera I've used recently to be ready to shoot, because it's booting Android. But waking from sleep mode it feels a lot more like a standard digital point-and-shoot and can be ready to go relatively speedily.

Smart mode on the Samsung Galaxy Camera gives you the option to use one of 15 presets

In camera mode the Samsung Galaxy Camera is different from the cameras of most Android devices, as you've got the ability to shoot in Auto, Smart or Expert Mode. As you'd expect, Auto does all the work for you, while Smart gives you the option to use one of 15 presets. These range from things like settings for shooting Waterfalls to Night scenes.
Other interesting Smart Modes include Best Face, which takes a quick burst of five images and then lets you select the best facial expressions of the people pictured, before merging them all into one photo. This can be great for group shots where you can guarantee not everyone will be smiling at the same time. Panorama mode stitches together a series of images, and Continuous shoots 20 photos in five seconds for fast-moving subjects.

Images merged to show the speed of continuous shooting on the Samsung Galaxy Camera

Images merged to show the speed of continuous shooting on the Samsung Galaxy Camera
In Expert mode, users have PASM (Program, Aperture priority, Shutter priority, and Manual) options, which are controlled via a virtual lens barrel on the screen. Though this is a nice visual touch, it does add a slight delay to the process of taking images, particularly if you're someone who likes to tinker with settings between shots.
While you can take a photo using the touchscreen, there's also a physical shutter button – which can focus on half press – and the ability to use your voice. This voice control was of more use than I expected (not just a gimmick), and in low light situations where you're using a slow shutter speed it's good to be able to hold the camera steady with both hands.

In expert mode on the Samsung Galaxy Camera, users have PASM options, which are controlled...

Auto-focus (AF) speed is good in bright light conditions and on par with most budget to mid-range compact cameras. However, it does struggle in low light and with fast-moving subjects. The zoom control (around the shutter button) is a welcome addition … though using such a big screen to compose shots, I felt like I was using a phone and kept trying to pinch to zoom.

Image Quality

Under the right conditions, the Samsung Galaxy Camera can take great quality images

It seems strange to say it of a camera which I've enjoyed using, but the thing that lets the Samsung Galaxy Camera down most is its image quality. In good lighting and with the right subjects, the camera can turn out some great quality images with good detail and resolution – but as soon as it begins to get dark, the classic small sensor problems begin to occur.
While images tend to look great on that 4.8-inch screen, or at the size viewed on most social networking sites, they can suddenly look very smartphoney when opened properly on a computer. However, depending on how you use your photographs, this may or may not be an issue.
Because the 1/2.3-inch type sensor in the Samsung Galaxy Camera is closer to those in budget compact cameras and smartphones than quality DSLR or mirrorless camera systems, it's always going to struggle to get enough light in all but the best conditions. Using high ISO settings (the camera offers 100-3200) there's noticeable and unpleasant noise. This really begins to kick in at around ISO 800 … despite some ruthless and heavy-handed noise reduction which also impacts on captured detail.

Shot using the Samsung Galaxy Camera in Auto (on a tripod) at ISO 800, 1/8 sec, F2.8 – ins...

Shot using the Samsung Galaxy Camera in Auto (on a tripod) at ISO 800, 1/8 sec, F2.8 – insert shows a 100 percent crop
Another issue for folk who like to edit their images on a computer before uploading them (so admittedly not the intended target audience for this camera) is that images cannot be shot in RAW.

Lens

Most connected cameras (by which I mean smartphones) don't have an optical zoom lens, and the one on the Samsung Galaxy Camera is a fantastic addition for mobile photography fans as it opens up a whole new world of photographic possibilities.
The F2.8-5.9 4.1-86.1mm lens isn't just any old little zoom, it's a 21x zoom, meaning you can get in close to all but the most distant subjects. Giving a 35mm-format focal length equivalent of 23-483mm, it's wider than the Samsung Galaxy S3 on the wide end, and positively monstrous on the telephoto.

The insert image shows a photo taken from the same spot but at full zoom with the Samsung ...

The insert image shows a photo taken from the same spot but at full zoom with the Samsung Galaxy Camera
While the large lens slows to F5.9 at the telephoto end of its focal length (meaning a larger depth of field and longer shutter speeds), it's still competitive with conventional long zoom cameras and could be great as a travel camera.
The lens is also good for macro shots where you can get up close to the subject and capture it in detail with a shallow depth of field.

Macro shooting on the Samsung Galaxy Camera really lets you get in close

Video

With Full HD 1080p and 720p video recording at 30 fps, the Samsung Galaxy Camera has all the video options you would expect on a high-end Android device. Again, what separates it from video-recording smartphones is the zoom lens which is well supported by optical image stabilization that does the job when hand-holding telephoto zoom shots. While there's no microphone input, sound quality is decent and comparable to other compact cameras.
Another nice feature is slow motion video, which records at an impressive 120 fps. Though it does also mean dropping the recording resolution to 768 x 512 (WVGA), the mode is great for capturing fast action, or looking at something from a new perspective. When played back at 30 fps it gives a 4x slow-motion effect. There's also the option to apply a selection of filters to video recordings.

Apps and Sharing

Because the Samsung Galaxy Camera is powered by Android, it's capable of running many of t...

What makes the Samsung Galaxy Camera stand out amongst all those other compact cameras on the market is the fact that because it's a connected device you can share your photographic endeavors instantly, and because it's powered by Android it's therefore capable of running many of the apps in the Google Play store.
A camera with apps isn't all about being able to play Angry Birds while you wait for that perfect shot (though you can). There are many apps which can add to the photographic potential of the device, and others which are just handy to have on a connected device you're carrying around.

A camera with apps like the Samsung Galaxy Camera isn't all about being able to play Angry...

Again, because this is a camera-focused review of the device – and because apps run just like they do on any smartphone – I won't go into detail about having used Facebook, Twitter, Kindle and Google Maps apps on the Samsung Galaxy Camera.
Pre-loaded creative apps include Photo Wizard which is there for on-the-go image editing and Video Editor, which as the name suggests, lets you delete and rearrange video scenes, add music and insert text. Paper Artist gives you a selection of "artistic" effects with which to show your creativity … or ruin your photos depending on your perspective. Also installed is the darling app of mobile photographers (and people who like to take photos of their food everywhere), Instagram!

Installed on the Samsung Galaxy Camera is the darling app of mobile photographers (and peo...

There are also a number of other interesting camera and photographic apps available in the Google Play store, and while all those I tried seemed to run well on the device, it's worth double-checking what image sizes they support. Some apps are only able to support smaller images than the 16-megapixel ones produced by this camera.
The sharing of images can be done over a WiFi connection or 3G/4G if you've got a micro-SIM inserted and a suitable data plan. And if you've ever used a smartphone to share an image online (and who hasn't?), this will be instantly familiar. Out of the box the camera comes ready to share via Email, Google+, Dropbox, or direct via Bluetooth, but as you'd expect adding new options is as easy as installing the app.
There are also a couple of interesting ways to share images Samsung-style. Share Shot lets you share pictures with up to eight other WiFi direct devices, while Buddy Photo Share automatically tags the faces of existing device contacts in photos, making it easy to share with them.
The ability to automatically back up images over 3G/4G to the cloud will be welcomed by anyone who has ever had their camera stolen while on holiday, or suffered at the hands of a corrupted memory card ... assuming they've got a suitably large data-plan.

Out of the box the Samsung Galaxy Camera comes ready to share via Email, Google+, Dropbox,...

Conclusion

  • Huge screen is great for composing shots
  • Massive zoom range for a connected camera
  • Always-on connectivity changes the way you share images
  • No ability to shoot RAW
  • Image quality is only similar to a budget compact
  • Expensive compared to equally spec'ed cameras
  • No ability to make calls

Summary

The 21x zoom on the Samsung Galaxy Camera is positively monstrous on the telephoto end

As I alluded to earlier, I really didn't get on with the Samsung Galaxy Camera when I first started using it, in fact I positively hated it! It wasn't as responsive as a traditional compact camera, and the image quality was nowhere near what I'd expect for a $500 camera.
But once you realize a big proportion of the price tag is going on non-camera aspects of the device – think of it as a Samsung Galaxy S3 crossed with Samsung WB850F – it's easier to be forgiving of its smartphoney-quality images. And besides that, the more I used it, the more I began to like it.
This is a completely different type of camera, as it brings together elements of the smartphone experience with the traditional camera. Personally, for me it was the always-on connectivity which was the stand-out feature – rather than the ability to run Android apps – and changed the way I wanted to use the device.
There were suddenly photos I wanted to take and share which I'd previously have not taken because either my smartphone camera wouldn't be up to the job (mostly because of a lack of optical zoom or manual controls) or because I hadn't got the ability to share direct from my dedicated camera. The Samsung Galaxy Camera isn't going to replace anyone's DSLR, but neither is it trying to.
But while I loved the always-on connectivity, I'm not sure I could justify taking on an additional monthly data-plan just for sharing my photos. Personally, I'd have liked the opportunity to ditch my regular phone and look like an idiot talking into the camera as I walk around – and for the amount of time I spend on voice calls, I'd be willing to take that hit.
Since I started testing the camera, Samsung announced the launch of the Galaxy Camera (WiFi), a WiFi-only version of the camera, and I can certainly see how for many people that could be a more attractive option financially.

Microsoft's New Xbox To Be Out By Christmas 2013, Bloomberg Reports

Xbox
You might just be getting your hands on Nintendo's new Wii U - but we have some exciting console news for you too.
According to a report in Bloomberg credited to "people familiar with the matter", Microsoft's next Xbox will be out by Christmas 2013.
The new machine - rumoured to be built around impressive hardware specs including up to 8GB of Ram and eight core processors - will be released around Thanksgiving in the United States.
It is also suspected to come with a 2.0 upgrade to its Kinect motion tracking camera, and possibly Blu-Ray and augmented reality glasses.
Clearly it's not possible to confirm the news - and Microsoft is staying quiet for now. But when it's finally announced - either at a dedicated event or an industry show like E3 - we'll be there to bring you the news.

Friday, 20 July 2012

Monitor Audio Speaker Technologies

Monitor Audio: The Power of C-CAM®

C-CAM stands for Ceramic-Coated Aluminium/Magnesium, which is a material originally developed by the aerospace industry for jet engine components. Its properties are ideal for loudspeaker cones being extremely rigid, yet light enough to yield high overall efficiency.

In manufacture, aluminium/magnesium alloy undergoes a three-stage stress-relieving process to remove surface deformation and molecular weakness. Once formed, the alloy cone is subjected to a high temperature anodic coating process in which a layer of pure ceramic alumina is depleted onto its surfaces to a depth of 50 microns, producing a completely rigid sandwich of alloy and heat-dissipating ceramic material.
Conventional cone materials are more likely to flex in operation, producing a significant level of audible distortion. C-CAM cones have a much higher resistance to bending stress and therefore exhibit much greater fidelity over their entire operating range. C-CAM bass drivers are able to resist the bending distortion imposed by sudden and extreme bass excursions to reproduce very clean, deep and dynamic bass frequencies. C-CAM tweeters and woofers share an audible consistency producing a smooth transition of frequencies and a sense of realism and cohesion in the soundstage.

Monitor Audio's Gold Dome Tweeter is also formed from a C-CAM alloy, gold anodised to a specific thickness for ideal stiffness and damping characteristics. Its new profile and surround geometry have been developed using advanced modelling tools, to provide the optimum qualities for accurate sound reproduction. The new design moves the first order of breakup to beyond 35kHz, producing a linear response way beyond audibility, which matches the wide frequency bandwidth available from HD music and cinema sound formats. The gold dome is thinner, lighter, more rigid and therefore more efficient than domes made from other materials which are prone to distortion in the audio band.

Monitor Audio's Winning Ribbon

Monitor Audio's higher end speaker systems have a certain quality and magic that makes them deliver such an astonishing sound. The source of this magic is Monitor Audio's proprietary ribbon tweeter.

The ribbon tweeter design uses an ultra-thin sandwich of C-CAM® alloy suspended in a powerful transverse magnetic field of high energy NeFeB rare earth magnets. The ribbon serves as both voice coil and radiating diaphragm, with every part of the ribbon driven directly and simultaneously without energy storage. Having a mass of just 18mg, its diaphragm is able to start and stop in an instant, producing a transient response capable of defining the leading edge and natural harmonic resonance of complex musical sounds.

Specified to reach ultra-high frequencies up to an elusive 100 kHz, Monitor Audio’s magical ribbon tweeter will reproduce with ease every last nuance and detail from vinyl, CD, DVD-A and SACD, together with the wider bandwidth of Blu-ray. This ribbon tweeter is currently featured on Monitor Audio's highest quality speakers: the Platinum Series and Gold GX Series.

/landing-loud-speakers.jpg

Friday, 13 July 2012

Blu-Ray Technology History and The DVD

Blu-Ray Technology History and The DVD [Technology Explained]


Standard DVDs use a red laser which, as you might know from rainbow studies, has a much longer wavelength than blue/violet light. This seemingly minor difference is what allows Blu-ray discs to store almost 10 times the amount of data a DVD can store.

Blu Ray Technology History – Who Created It?

The creation of the blue laser diode required for this technology is attributed to Shuji Nakamura, a professor in the College of Engineering at UCSB. Sony (along with Pioneer) took this work and came up with prototypes that were unveiled at the CEATEC exhibition in 2000. In 2002, Blu-ray Disc Founders was founded, and they announced the “˜Blu-ray’ project.
blu ray technology history
In 2004, Blu-ray Disc Founders changed their name to the Blu-ray Disc Association (BDA), and physical specifications for the discs were complete. Fast forwarding to 2006, the BD-ROM specifications were finalized and the first Blu-ray players hit the market. Due to the many delays and setbacks over the project’s lifespan, however, HD DVD players had already been on the market for a few months by then.

The Format War ““ Blu-ray vs. HD DVD

blu ray technology historyToshiba came out with the HD DVD format, instantly becoming Blu-ray’s primary competition and starting a “format war” in the process. This was similar to the videotape format war between VHS and BetaMax. Never heard of BetaMax? Yeah, me neither.
Initially, the HD DVD was an attempt to avoid changing over from the DVD to a format that was physically different and more expensive. What they ended up with, however, was a high-density optical disc that worked essentially the same way as a Blu-ray Disc, blue lasers and all.
What caused this “war” was the fact that no major companies wanted to commit to one standard over the other, fearing they might pick the wrong one. Once companies/industries began taking sides and battles were won and lost, it was a few key factors that ultimately swung this war in Blu-ray’s favor: the film industry and the PS3.
blu ray technology history
Movie distributors (notably Best Buy & Netflix) sided with Blu-ray. This, coupled with Sony’s announcement to include a Blu-ray player in their upcoming PS3 game console, was a crushing blow to the HD DVD campaign.
In 2008, Toshiba officially threw in the towel, ceasing development of HD DVD players. The war was over.

Conclusion

In conclusion, this article could have just as easily been about the HD DVD replacing the DVD format, but the people have spoken and they want Blu-ray. This format is here to stay until the next wave of new technologies hit the market, but judging from past experiences that might not be for some time.
If you didn’t know what Blu-ray was or where it came from before reading this article I hope I cleared the air for you. If you have any thoughts, ideas, comments, or general inquiries please leave them below!

Blu-Ray Technology History and The DVD [Technology Explained]

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Standard DVDs use a red laser which, as you might know from rainbow studies, has a much longer wavelength than blue/violet light. This seemingly minor difference is what allows Blu-ray discs to store almost 10 times the amount of data a DVD can store.

Blu Ray Technology History – Who Created It?

The creation of the blue laser diode required for this technology is attributed to Shuji Nakamura, a professor in the College of Engineering at UCSB. Sony (along with Pioneer) took this work and came up with prototypes that were unveiled at the CEATEC exhibition in 2000. In 2002, Blu-ray Disc Founders was founded, and they announced the “˜Blu-ray’ project.
blu ray technology history
In 2004, Blu-ray Disc Founders changed their name to the Blu-ray Disc Association (BDA), and physical specifications for the discs were complete. Fast forwarding to 2006, the BD-ROM specifications were finalized and the first Blu-ray players hit the market. Due to the many delays and setbacks over the project’s lifespan, however, HD DVD players had already been on the market for a few months by then.

The Format War ““ Blu-ray vs. HD DVD

blu ray technology historyToshiba came out with the HD DVD format, instantly becoming Blu-ray’s primary competition and starting a “format war” in the process. This was similar to the videotape format war between VHS and BetaMax. Never heard of BetaMax? Yeah, me neither.
Initially, the HD DVD was an attempt to avoid changing over from the DVD to a format that was physically different and more expensive. What they ended up with, however, was a high-density optical disc that worked essentially the same way as a Blu-ray Disc, blue lasers and all.
What caused this “war” was the fact that no major companies wanted to commit to one standard over the other, fearing they might pick the wrong one. Once companies/industries began taking sides and battles were won and lost, it was a few key factors that ultimately swung this war in Blu-ray’s favor: the film industry and the PS3.
blu ray technology history
Movie distributors (notably Best Buy & Netflix) sided with Blu-ray. This, coupled with Sony’s announcement to include a Blu-ray player in their upcoming PS3 game console, was a crushing blow to the HD DVD campaign.
In 2008, Toshiba officially threw in the towel, ceasing development of HD DVD players. The war was over.

Conclusion

In conclusion, this article could have just as easily been about the HD DVD replacing the DVD format, but the people have spoken and they want Blu-ray. This format is here to stay until the next wave of new technologies hit the market, but judging from past experiences that might not be for some time.
If you didn’t know what Blu-ray was or where it came from before reading this article I hope I cleared the air for you. If you have any thoughts, ideas, comments, or general inquiries please leave them below!

Blu-Ray Technology History and The DVD [Technology Explained]


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Video Game Dow

Standard DVDs use a red laser which, as you might know from rainbow studies, has a much longer wavelength than blue/violet light. This seemingly minor difference is what allows Blu-ray discs to store almost 10 times the amount of data a DVD can store.

Blu Ray Technology History – Who Created It?

The creation of the blue laser diode required for this technology is attributed to Shuji Nakamura, a professor in the College of Engineering at UCSB. Sony (along with Pioneer) took this work and came up with prototypes that were unveiled at the CEATEC exhibition in 2000. In 2002, Blu-ray Disc Founders was founded, and they announced the “˜Blu-ray’ project.
blu ray technology history
In 2004, Blu-ray Disc Founders changed their name to the Blu-ray Disc Association (BDA), and physical specifications for the discs were complete. Fast forwarding to 2006, the BD-ROM specifications were finalized and the first Blu-ray players hit the market. Due to the many delays and setbacks over the project’s lifespan, however, HD DVD players had already been on the market for a few months by then.

The Format War ““ Blu-ray vs. HD DVD

blu ray technology historyToshiba came out with the HD DVD format, instantly becoming Blu-ray’s primary competition and starting a “format war” in the process. This was similar to the videotape format war between VHS and BetaMax. Never heard of BetaMax? Yeah, me neither.
Initially, the HD DVD was an attempt to avoid changing over from the DVD to a format that was physically different and more expensive. What they ended up with, however, was a high-density optical disc that worked essentially the same way as a Blu-ray Disc, blue lasers and all.
What caused this “war” was the fact that no major companies wanted to commit to one standard over the other, fearing they might pick the wrong one. Once companies/industries began taking sides and battles were won and lost, it was a few key factors that ultimately swung this war in Blu-ray’s favor: the film industry and the PS3.
blu ray technology history
Movie distributors (notably Best Buy & Netflix) sided with Blu-ray. This, coupled with Sony’s announcement to include a Blu-ray player in their upcoming PS3 game console, was a crushing blow to the HD DVD campaign.
In 2008, Toshiba officially threw in the towel, ceasing development of HD DVD players. The war was over.

Conclusion

In conclusion, this article could have just as easily been about the HD DVD replacing the DVD format, but the people have spoken and they want Blu-ray. This format is here to stay until the next wave of new technologies hit the market, but judging from past experiences that might not be for some time.
If you didn’t know what Blu-ray was or where it came from before reading this article I hope I cleared the air for you. If you have any thoughts, ideas, comments, or general inquiries please leave them below!

Tuesday, 10 July 2012

HTC Explorer


The HTC Desire C sits at the bottom of the company's range of Android handsets. It's difficult to ignore the choice of name for this particular phone, picking up on the heritage of the Desire family.
As a quick reminder, the HTC Desire was a fantastic handset back in 2010 and a handset that we still see out and about: it's stood the test of time, but we were then taken by HTC Desire HD, landing in late 2010. Both were flagship phones at the time. 
So it's strange now, in 2012, to find the Desire name put on a budget phone. We can only guess that the "C" is for compact, but to anyone who knows HTC's family of devices, it's difficult not to look at this phone and call it a replacement for the HTC Wildfire S or the HTC Explorer. We won't let nomenclature get in the way, but the message could have been clearer from HTC. 
But at the affordable end of the market, can HTC still thrive when faced with cheap network-branded devices like the Orange San Francisco II or the T-Mobile Vivacity?

Design

Of course the thing about affordable phones is that at some point you have to make a compromise. Often that compromise is in the design or the build quality. Both the phones we mentioned above, while offering similar specs, don't get anywhere near the HTC Desire C when it comes to design. 
The Desire C reflects many of the design trends that the flagship One X offers. For example, the sleek front features micro-drilled holes for the ear speaker, rather than a grille. The same is true on the back. The choice of materials is good too - the tactile matte finish to the white review sample we had looks and feels great. 
It might only be a plastic cover - that's good enough for even the Samsung Galaxy S III after all - but it all feels like good quality. There is some flex to the back, but nothing critical, but importantly, it's around the sides and around the display that things feel nice and tight.
Pull off the back cover and you'll find that HTC has been up to its own tricks, making the innards of the Desire C bright red. The plastic inside is red, as is the battery, and you'll find a touch of red detailing around the Micro-USB port, a nod to what lies within. It's perhaps a small detail, but you can't help feeling that HTC is having a little fun here.
The curves make it a comfortable phone to hold and it's diminutive 107.2 x 60.6 x 12.25mm dimensions will fit into any hand. It feels secure there too and unlike some devices we've seen recently, it never slipped. At 100g it's light, so this is a good choice for someone who doesn't want to feel like they are carrying round a small book. 
Despite the modest frame, HTC has managed to slip a 3.5-inch display into place. It might look and feel small by modern standards, but you get enough space to take advantage of some of the flexibility that HTC Sense's customisation offers.

Hardware and controls

The positioning of a phone in the Android world often comes down to the hardware configuration and the HTC Desire C quickly shows it's true colours. A 600MHz single core processor with 512MB RAM powers it, although the 4GB of internal memory can be expanded thanks to the microSD card slot.
As mentioned there is a 3.5-inch display, but the resolution is strictly limited at 480 x 320 pixels (165ppi), resulting in a display that will require a lot of zooming in and out to read text clearly on websites, for example. It isn't the latest and greatest display of the sort you'll find on the HTC One X either, but typical of this level of device.
The display is bright enough for most conditions, but we did find ourselves wishing it was slightly brighter in sunny conditions. 
Across the bottom of the display are three touch controls, which makes the HTC Desire C a little more exciting, as the back, home and recent apps icons immediately indicate that this phone arrives with Android 4, Ice Cream Sandwich, so it's up to date. Although the size is small, these controls have plenty of space, so navigation is straightforward.
Elsewhere you'll find a power/standby button on the top and a right-hand volume rocker as you'd expect.
Befitting the budget status of the phone, some hardware features are missing. Around the back you have a 5-megapixel camera, but there is no flash as you might expect. It's also fixed focus which, as we'll see, ultimately limits its performance.

Software and performance

Many affordable phones are found languishing with an old build of Android or somewhat quirky modifications to the user interface. In the case of the HTC Desire C, you get both the latest version of Android and the latest version of HTC Sense. 
The result is that you have a nice and sophisticated user interface, with plenty on offer out of the box and the normal integrated experience that HTC offers. Signing into the numerous integrated accounts will flesh out your contacts and connect everything up, although as you'd expect, you don't get all the features of Sense that you do on more powerful HTC devices.
But the refinement that comes with Ice Cream Sandwich, packaged by HTC, means that some features work well. For example, the swipe away notifications are useful with a small screen, as is the ease with which you can swipe across emails in the Gmail app. 
With HTC Sense 4 offering a lighter touch than previous versions, the home screens are closer to native Android, with the option to customise the launcher to your liking. This means you can drop your favourite app shortcuts, make folders or whatever else, to make the phone your own.
You get HTC's polished widgets, with things like animated weather and all the other trimmings that you'd expect. 
The hardware does have an impact on what this phone will do, however. You miss out on some of the connected features, so you can't access a media server from the gallery for example, but you are saved from HTC Locations, HTC's own mapping solution. This is actually an advantage, as the HTC Desire C just uses Google Maps, which we much prefer.
Overall the lack of power is telling as the HTC Desire C isn't as snappy as more powerful phones, with everyday tasks taking a fraction longer than comfortable. Opening apps and navigating around the phone and you'll get a much smoother experience from an older handset with more power, if you can find one at an agreeable price.
Media does suffer, so if you plan to spend your time watching a lot of video on the go then you might struggle: although, for example, the BBC iPlayer app will run, playback was lacking in quality. You'll also find that other demanding apps won't run and as Google Play becomes more sophisticated, there is more to miss out on. The just launched Xbox Live companion app won't run, for example.
Music, however, is nicely handled, with music apps sitting in HTC's Music hub. You'll probably have noticed that this is a Beats branded device, so fire up your music, connect your headphones and you'll get Beats swing into to boost the audio performance. We like the sound of Beats, but we found that on the Desire C it would occasionally turn off and on during songs. It's most likely a software bug, but something to watch out for.
But in the core tasks the HTC Desire C acquits itself well enough. We'd take more power and a larger screen given the choice, but when it comes to something like messaging, emails or calling, there isn't much of a difference. You still get that connected, sharing Android experience too, so as a social mobile, the Desire C is a pleasure to use.
Naturally the smaller display means there is less screen space for HTC's tweaked keyboard. The keyboard is responsive, although in our opinion it performs much better once you turn off all the haptics. HTC's keyboard is pretty good, although the predictions aren't as useful as some others and you may well find that a third-party keyboard makes better use of the limited space.
As a final word on performance, the HTC Desire C offers the niceties of HTC Sense, so things are well polished and cleverly integrated, but as with many phones at this price, you have to accept compromise. It isn't going to be a great multimedia device, so best suited for those who want a connected messenger, with a little more diversity than something like the BlackBerry Curve.

Camera and video

The camera on the back offers a 5-megapixel sensor, hitting a point on the spec sheet, but it is fixed focus and lacks flash, so isn't going to give you the best results. The camera interface benefits from HTC Sense's recent tweaks, offering both photos or video at the press of a button.
Being fixed focus means that macro shots, or anything close, isn't really possible. From about 1 metre and further things are better, but won't rival autofocus models. As usual, you'll find that low-light shots get very noisy, but at least the Desire C doesn't show signs of lag, it just grabs your shot.
Video is also limited, not only by the lack of focusing, but the maximum resolution of 640 x 480 pixels. This is fine for sharing, but won't stand up on a larger screen and these days looks pretty shoddy on the likes of YouTube. 

Battery life and calling

As a phone we had no problems with the HTC Desire C. The micro drilled holes mean that you need to have the phone in the right place to be able to hear properly, but the small size means it's no problem to adjust it. The external speaker also worked well enough.
Usually lower spec phones bring an advantage with them and that's battery life. Hardware that doesn't draw so much power and a smaller display usually means you have a phone that will last you through the day. The 1230mAh battery in the HTC Desire C sounds sizeable enough to do this, however it didn't.
Surprisingly, we found that the HTC Desire C would only give us about eight hours in typical use. On a long day out of the office, this meant we had to charge it mid afternoon to ensure it got us home - just the same as we've come to expect from much larger devices.
It feels as though something isn't right here. Peering into the power section of the settings, it reveals that the display has drained the battery, despite not being used to a high degree, but gave no other clues as to why the life was so short. Perhaps this is a software issue, but it's something to keep your eyes on.

HTC Explorer

Friday, 6 January 2012

History of Technology

Introduction History of Technology


In ancient times, technology was defined by Homer and Hesiod as the spoken word of manual craft or cunning skill (Luna, 1994).  By 330 BC, Aristotle coined the Greek term technologia and split scientific knowledge into three parts: theoretical science, practical science, and productive science (technology).
According to Luna (1994), the earliest use of the word technology in the United States was found an a Harvard University course on the "application of the Sciences to the Useful Arts" in 1816.  The 1832 Encyclopedia Americana defined technology as principles, processes, and nomenclatures. Ever since that time, there has been debate as to the definition and identity of technology.  
From a historical perspective, philosophers of technology agree that two phases of technology can be seen: the craft phase and the modern scientized phase.  However, to a philosopher of technology, modern technology, although scientized, is a unique structure of thinking, not merely applied science. Nor, is technology, like science, fully described by the laws of nature.  
Iron workers. Henry Met de Bles (Also known as: Il Civetta), Flemish, C.1480/1510-1550/55, Copyright Kathleen Cohen, tec01080

Wolf (1935) argued "that modern science was derived from technology through the wisdom accumulated via the 'technical arts,' and through the invention of a few critical instruments (e.g., the telescope, the microscope, the barometer, the air-pump, the pendulum clock.)" (Lewis & Gagel, 1992).  In these terms, technology is defined as practical science--science as technique. 
According to Bertrand Russell (1972, p. 492), practical science is not the same as "applied science." According to Russell, "applied science," as viewed by scientists, is inferior to "pure" or "theoretical science." Practical science or technology, as Russell viewed it, was not inferior science but was a conception of science as technique.
"Practical science...has been important from the first, and has continually increased in importance, until it has almost ousted theoretical science from men's thoughts...The triumph of science has been mainly due to its practical utility, and there has been an attempt to divorce this aspect from that of theory, thus making science more a technique, and less and less a doctrine as to the nature of the world....science as technique was building up in practical men a quite different outlook from any that was to be found among theoretical philosophers.  Technique confers a sense of power: man is much less at the mercy of his environment than he was in former times."
The history of technology is long and complex.  In fact, as discussed in unit 1, there is a fundamental disagreement about what is technology.  Was the discovery of fire the first technology?  Or, was the wheel or the plow the first technology?  In contrast to other units, in this unit we will focus on specific examples in the history of technology.
Of course, inter-dispersed with the examples, there will be a discussion of the historical significance of these technologies in the time they were invented. Also, we will discuss the effect of these technologies on subsequent developments in history, technology, and science.  As discussed in unit 1, The Nature of Science and Technology, modern science developed almost solely out of Western Europe.  Technology, however, has a more eclectic past.  
It is this eclectic past that we will explore in this unit. Our travels through technology will not be comprehensive; instead, we will focus on three specific topics: Technology in the Middle Ages, Chinese Contributions to Technology, and Islam Spain and the History of Technology. These topics were chosen to build upon our discussion of the nature of technology in Unit 1 and to provide a context for our future discussion of technology beginning at the Industrial Revolution in Unit 3 (Technology and Work). It is hoped that when you move to Unit 3 you will better understand the complex nature of technological development and diffusion.

Standard Technology - USB 3.0

History of USB:
USB (Universal Serial Bus) technology was originally introduced in 1996. Over the years, USB has become the most popular standard for connecting external peripherals to PCs and Macs. The popularity of USB stems from a combination of factors including, but not limited to:
  • Widespread availability
  • Plug-and-Play usability
  • Device powering - USB supplies power to the peripheral device allowing devices like portable hard drives and mice to be used without an additional power source.
  • Adequate performance
As technology devices and peripherals became faster, the need to increase the transfer speed of USB arose. In 2001, the USB 2.0 standard was ratified, increasing the transfer speed of full-speed USB by 40 times. USB 2.0 was commonly named hi-speed USB.
Today, USB 2.0 is still limited to transfer speeds that are significantly less than that of hard drives, optical drives, and hard-wired network protocols.
In 2009, the USB 3.0 standard was ratified, increasing the transfer speed of hi-speed USB 2.0 by an additional 10 times, or 400 times faster than the original USB 1.1 full-speed specification. USB 3.0 is currently called SuperSpeed USB.
USB 3.0 provides all of the traditional benefits of USB with an interface capable of delivering maximum performance with peripherals.
Compatibility with earlier USB standards:
The USB standards have always aimed to provide backward compatibility with prior USB standards. USB 3.0 is no different, though it uses different connectors and cables than earlier USB versions. Despite the changes, USB 3.0 connectors and cables remain completely compatible with USB 2.0. In most cases, USB 3.0 devices will be compatible with USB 1.0 and 1.1 devices, however it is not a requirement for USB 3.0 certification.
A USB 3.0 device purchased today is compatible with existing USB 2.0 compatible devices and provides a good technology investment for the future, as USB 3.0 becomes the dominant USB technology.
How USB 3.0 compares with other standards:
USB 3.0 is one of the fastest and most cost-effective interfaces for connecting peripherals. At 4,800 Mbps (4.8 Gbps), USB 3.0 is significantly faster than USB 2.0, FireWire 400, and FireWire 800 as well as the common SATA 1.5 and 3.0 standards.
Here is a comparison chart that shows popular interface speeds today:
Before USB 3.0, eSATA (external SATA) was the only interface capable of delivering internal HDD speeds via an external connection. However, eSATA is incapable of providing power to an external hard drive, as USB can. Additionally, eSATA is a hard drive interface technology that cannot be used for non-storage peripheral connections and it does not offer plug-and-play.
USB 3.0 connectors and cables are easily identifiable by the use of blue color in their connectors. Both the host and device connectors have blue colored internal components, as shown in the picture below:
How can I add USB 3.0 support to my PC?
USB 3.0 is a very new technology and almost all PCs purchased before 2010 will not have USB 3.0 ports. Adapter cards are available to provide USB 3.0 support for existing PCs.
Notebook PCs:
The Buffalo Technology USB 3.0 PC ExpressCard Notebook Adapter ICF-EC2U3/UC can be used with any notebook PC that has an ExpressCard 34 or ExpressCard 54 slot running Windows® XP, Windows Vista®, or Windows® 7.
Desktop PCs:
  • The Buffalo Technology USB 3.0 PCI Express Desktop Adapter IFC-PCIE2U3 can be added to a desktop PC to provide SuperSpeed USB 3.0. The PC must have at least one PCI Express x 1 Rev 2.0 slot available and must run Windows® XP, Windows Vista®, or Windows® 7.
  • Buffalo Technology has tested its USB 3.0 storage devices with Gigabyte motherboards. Gigabyte is a leading manufacturer of PC motherboards, now offering many with built-in USB 3.0 support. If building a new PC or replacing a motherboard, look for a USB 3.0 compliant motherboard.